Dice Cabrero: “…yo he visto en Italia una cosa muy distinta…”. Monumentalidad exterior frente a monumentalidad interior a través de la Casa Sindical

Two architects, italian and spanish, Libera and Cabrero, went to the city of Rome. The first one, in order to stay there and to confront himself with the city and the weight of its History. The second one, in order to remember it facing every project along its architectural career. Faced with the same reality, similar answers coexist in two different contexts. Two architectures that locate the idea of monumentality in the public building as an intrinsic concept through two parallel discourses. This condition of a monumental public building of the first Italian Rationalismo, as heir of the ancient Roman, was the element that was extracted by Cabrero from the Libera’s architecture with his own nuances. It will be interesting if it is possible to decode most of the hidden dialogues that arise between these two architects. Dos arquitectos, uno italiano y otro español, Libera y Cabrero, acuden a la ciudad de Roma, uno para quedarse y confrontarse con la ciudad y el peso de su Historia y otro para no olvidarla ante cada proyecto que surgiese a lo largo de su trayectoria. Frente a una misma realidad, respuestas semejantes cohabitan en dos contextos diferentes que dan como respuesta dos arquitecturas que sitúan la idea de monumentalidad en el edificio público como concepto intrínseco a través de dos discursos paralelos.Esta condición del edificio público monumental del primer racionalismo italiano, heredero de la Antigüedad Romana, fue el elemento extraído por Cabrero de la arquitectura de Libera, con sus propios matices.Interesante será descifrar cada uno de los diálogos ocultos que surgirán entre ambos arquitectos.

CUT-UP CITY. El ready-made como experimento urbano. (www.cutupcity.com)

CUT-UP es un término acuñado por el escritor estadounidense William S. Burroughs basado en la yuxtaposición de pasajes de las obras del propio autor y también de obras de otros escritores para luego volver a ensamblar los fragmentos de forma aleatoria generando sentidos y significados totalmente inéditos. Trasladado al campo de la arquitectura, el propósito de esta operación sería la de definir estrategias que, utilizando las formas existentes, consiguieran efectos completamente diferentes. Así, se puede decir que las nociones de originalidad e incluso de creación, tan presentes en nuestra cultura, se podrían entender de una manera mucho más libre y desprejuiciada.CUT-UP is a term coined by the American writer William S. Burroughs based on the juxtaposition of passages from the own works and also from others in order to re-assemble the random fragments generating completly new senses and meanings. Moved to architecture, the purpose of this operation would be to define strategies, using existing forms, to realise completely different effects. So, we can say that the notions of originality, and even creation, so present in our culture, could be understood in a more freely and unprejudiced way

Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 +/- 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% +/- 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of <= 35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

La desacralización del templo en la arquitectura de Adalberto Libera

En 1926, Adalberto Libera, como joven estudiante de arquitectura, realiza un pequeño dibujo que, bajo el título de “El Panteón en hormigón armado”, se convertirá en el manifiesto sobre el que basará toda su trayectoria arquitectónica. Dos serán los principios que se encontrarán contenidos en este dibujo: por un lado, la reinterpretación constructiva que Libera hace del Panteón, añadiéndole la técnica de su tiempo y, por otro lado, la actualización programática que desemboca en un proceso de desacralización del mayor templo de la Antigüedad. Ambos principios, puestos de manifiesto tanto en el título del dibujo como en las anotaciones situadas en torno a él, se aplican como mecanismos actualizadores del arquetipo, entendido como tipo ideal que se concreta en el Panteón. Bajo esta primera clave de estudio, basada en la actualización, tanto en términos constructivos como programáticos de un determinado arquetipo arquitectónico, la Tesis Doctoral se organiza a través de cuatro capítulos que comienzan con el traslado de Libera desde la periférica región del Trentino, situada en el norte de Italia, hasta la ciudad de Roma, centro de todas sus ambiciones personales y profesionales. En este nuevo escenario, la Escuela Regia Superior de Arquitectura de Roma y, más concretamente, un determinado método docente, desarrollado en las clases de Fasolo, profesor de Historia de la Arquitectura, le permitirán a Libera, a través del dibujo, comprender y memorizar la raíz más auténtica de los monumentos romanos. Pero no solo aproximándose a ellos, sino que este método docente, basado en la idea de continuidad presente en la forma arquitectónica, le permitirá, desde el prisma constructivo, transponer dichos monumentos romanos a una nueva condición moderna. En paralelo a esta actividad formativa, se desarrolla un intenso momento cultural que terminará por consolidar su pensamiento arquitectónico. De esta forma, Libera se incorpora a un movimiento en el que, bajo el nombre de “El Grupo 7”, su principal objetivo será el de anunciar una nueva época arcaica para la arquitectura, en la que la figura de Mussolini será determinante. Desde esta nueva situación, definida por su formación y por el momento cultural, Libera inicia un nuevo camino donde el proyecto expositivo se convierte en el siguiente estadio donde confirmar todos sus postulados teóricos. Dos tipos de aproximaciones surgirán en torno a esta temática: por un lado, la idea del pabellón de exposición, presente en los pabellones de las exposiciones universales de Chicago, en 1933 y de Bruselas, en 1935 y, por otro lado, la representación de una construcción en el interior de otro objeto construido previamente como son la Exposición de la Revolución Fascista, en 1932 y la Exposición de las Colonias Estivas de la Asistencia a la Infancia en el área del Circo Massimo, en 1937. De esta relación intrínseca entre el objeto construido y la espacialidad interior que éste presenta, la Tesis Doctoral encuentra su punto culminante a través de la continuidad existente entre el dibujo de “El Panteón en hormigón armado” y la sala de Recepciones, del Palacio de Recepciones y de Congresos, construido con motivo de la Exposición Universal de Roma, de 1942. Desde este momento, se lleva a cabo un proceso de descomposición de la sala de Recepciones en cuatro elementos (la ocupación del centro, la manipulación del plano del suelo, la construcción del recinto y la flotación de la cubierta) que terminarán por definir los mecanismos proyectuales utilizados por Libera a lo largo de su trayectoria. De esta forma, con la aparición del hormigón armado y de la actualización programática del momento, entendidos como aliados, y mediante el desarrollo de esta serie de mecanismos, Libera someterá al arquetipo arquitectónico, entendido como portador de las raíces propias de la arquitectura, a un verdadero proceso de modernización, en la que el hombre y la arquitectura engloban una misma idea de unidad proyectual. ABSTRACT In 1926, Adalberto Libera, as a young student of architecture, made a small drawing that, under the title “The Pantheon in reinforced concrete”, will become the manifesto on which to base all his architectural trajectory. Two principles will be contained in this drawing: on the one hand, Libera’s constructive reinterpretation of the Pantheon, adding the technique of his time and, on the other hand, the programmatic updating that leads to a process of desacralization of the largest temple of antiquity. Both principles, evidenced both in the title of the drawing and in the annotations around it, are applied as updating mechanisms of the archetype, understood as the ideal type that is concretized in the Pantheon. Under this first point of study, based on the updating, both in constructive and programmatic terms of a particular architectural archetype, this Doctoral Thesis is organized through four chapters beginning with the transfer of Libera from the peripheral region of Trentino, located in the north of Italy, to the city of Rome, center of all his personal and professional ambitions. In this new scenario, the Superior School of Architecture of Rome and, more specifically, a certain teaching method, developed in the classes of Fasolo, professor of History of Architecture, will allow Libera, through drawing, to understand and memorize the most authentic root of the Roman monuments. But not only approaching them, but this teaching method, based on the idea of continuity present in the architectural form, will allow him, from the constructive point of view, to transpose these Roman monuments to a new modern condition. Parallel to this training activity, an intense cultural moment is developed consolidating its architectural thinking. In this way, Libera joins a movement in which, under the name of “Group 7”, its main objective will be to announce a new archaic age for architecture, in which the figure of Mussolini will be very important. From this new situation, defined by its formation and the cultural moment, Libera starts a new path where the exhibition project becomes the next stage to confirm all its theoretical postulates. Two types of approximation will emerge around this theme: on the one hand, the idea of the exhibition pavilion, present in the pavilions of the universal exhibitions of Chicago in 1933 and Brussels in 1935 and, on the other hand, the representation of a construction inside another object previously constructed such as the Exposition of the Fascist Revolution in 1932 and the Exposition of the Summer Colonies of Assistance to Children in the area of Circus Massimo in 1937. From this intrinsic relationship between the built object and the interior spatiality that it presents, the Doctoral Thesis finds its culminating point through the continuity between the drawing of “The Pantheon in reinforced concrete” and the Reception Room, of the Palace of Receptions and Congresses, built on the occasion of the Universal Exhibition of Rome in 1942. From this moment, a process of decomposition of the reception room takes place in four elements (the occupation of the center, the manipulation of the ground plane, the construction of the enclosure and the flotation of the deck) that will end by defining the design mechanisms used by Libera along its career. In this way, with the appearance of reinforced concrete and the programmatic updating of the moment, both of them understood as allies, and through the development of this series of mechanisms, Libera will submit to the architectural archetype, understood as the bearer of the architectural roots, to a real process of modernization, in which man and architecture encompass the same idea of projectual unity

Dice Cabrero: “…yo he visto en Italia una cosa muy distinta…” Monumentalidad exterior frente a monumentalidad interior a través de la Casa Sindical

Dos arquitectos, uno italiano y otro español, Libera y Cabrero, acuden a la ciudad de Roma, uno para quedarse y confrontarse con la ciudad y el peso de su Historia y otro para no olvidarla ante cada proyecto que surgiese a lo largo de su trayectoria. Frente a una misma realidad, respuestas semejantes cohabitan en dos contextos diferentes que dan como respuesta dos arquitecturas que sitúan la idea de monumentalidad en el edificio público como concepto intrínseco a través de dos discursos paralelos. Esta condición del edificio público monumental del primer racionalismo italiano, heredero de la Antigüedad Romana, fue el elemento extraído por Cabrero de la arquitectura de Libera, con sus propios matices. Interesante será descifrar cada uno de los diálogos ocultos que surgirán entre ambos arquitectos

Estrategia farmacoinvasiva como tratamiento de reperfusión en áreas sin disponibilidad de angioplastia primaria

Introduction and objectives: Reperfusion therapy during an ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEACS) can be performed using fibrinolytic agents or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). The pPCI is the reperfusion strategy of choice, but many patients with STEACS initially come to non-PCI capable hospitals. Regional networks have been launched with both reperfusion therapies using thrombolysis in indicated cases followed by routine angiographic studies (pharmacoinvasive strategy). Our objective was to analyze the results of treatment in patients with STEACS in the Region of Murcia, Spain based on the patient’s place of origin. Methods: Retrospective study of a cohort of patients admitted due to STEACS to 3 health areas: pPCI-capable Area 1 (Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca), and non-pPCI capable Areas IV and V (Hospital Comarcal del Noroeste, Caravaca de la Cruz, and Virgen del Castillo, Yecla). Results: Six hundred and seventy-nine patients from health areas I, IV, and V of the Region of Murcia were treated of STEACS from 2006 through 2010. Out of the 494 patients from Area I, 97.6% (482 patients) were treated with pPCI while 2.4% (12 cases) received thrombolysis. In Areas IV and V, 73% (135) of patients were treated with pPCI and 27% (50) with thrombolysis. After thrombolysis, 46 patients (34%) required rescue angioplasty and 79 (58.5%) underwent a scheduled coronary angiography (pharmacoinvasive strategy). No statistically significant differences were reported in the overall mortality rate at 30-day (8.3% in Area I vs 6% in Areas IV and V; P = .31) or 1 year follow-up (11.3% vs 8.2%; P = .23) in Area I compared to Areas IV and V, nor for cardiac mortality. Conclusions: Although immediate pPCIs are less accessible in remote health areas, the healthcare network from the Region of Murcia can achieve similar mortality results compared to populations with pPCI availability.Introducción y objetivos: El tratamiento de reperfusión en un síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST (SCACEST) se puede realizar con agentes fibrinolíticos o con angioplastia primaria (ICPp). La ICPp es la estrategia de elección, pero muchos de los pacientes con SCACEST acuden inicialmente a hospitales sin ICPp. Se han desarrollado programas de asistencia al SCACEST en los que se integran ambos tratamientos, utilizando la trombolisis en casos indicados, seguida de un estudio angiográfico (estrategia farmacoinvasiva). El objetivo del estudio es analizar los resultados del tratamiento del SCACEST según sea diagnosticado en áreas de salud con o sin disponibilidad de ICPp inmediata. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes diagnosticados de SCACEST en 3 áreas de salud de Murcia: área I con ICPp (Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca) y áreas IV y V sin ICPp (Hospital Comarcal del Noroeste, Caravaca de la Cruz y Virgen del Castillo, Yecla). Resultados: Entre 2006 y 2010 se atendió por SCACEST a 679 pacientes de las áreas I, IV y V de Murcia. De los 494 pacientes del área I, recibieron tratamiento con ICPp el 97,6% (482) y trombolisis el 2,4% (12). En los pacientes de las áreas sanitarias IV y V se realizó trombolisis al 73% (135) e ICPp al resto 27% (50). De los pacientes sometidos a trombolisis, el 34% (46) precisaron angioplastia de rescate y al 58,5% (79) se les realizó coronariografía programada (estrategia farmacoinvasiva). No hubo diferencias en la mortalidad total a 30 días (8,3% en el área I y 6% en las áreas IV y V; p = 0,31) ni al año (11,3 frente a 8,2%; p = 0,23); tampoco en la mortalidad por causa cardiaca. Conclusiones: A pesar de la menor accesibilidad a la ICPp en las áreas sanitarias más alejadas, la red asistencial regional de Murcia permite unos resultados comparables a los de las áreas sanitarias con disponibilidad de ICPp

Effect of accompanying antiretroviral drugs on virological response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus

The effects of antiretroviral drugs on the response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin remain uncertain. We evaluated whether antiretroviral drugs affected the response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We conducted a retrospective analysis of two cohorts of HIV/HCV-co-infected patients treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin between 2001 and 2007 in Spain. The outcome measure was sustained virological response (SVR). Logistic regression models were used to test possible associations between non-response and pre-treatment characteristics, including accompanying antiretroviral drugs. The study sample comprised 1701 patients: 63% were infected with HCV genotype (G) 1 or 4 and 88% were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Factors independently associated with increased odds of SVR were G2 or 3, HVC RNA <500,000 IU/mL and CDC clinical category A or B. When we adjusted for these prognostic factors and dose of ribavirin/kg, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of SVR for patients without HAART was 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.88; P = 0.144]. Taking the backbone of tenofovir and lamivudine/emtricitabine as a reference, we found that, with the exception of regimens including zidovudine, the effect of other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbones had little effect on SVR. The AOR of SVR for zidovudine and lamivudine was 0.65 (95% CI 0.46-0.93, P = 0.017). We carried out several sensitivity analyses, the results of which were consistent with the findings of the primary analysis. In conclusion, our results suggest that, with the exception of regimens including zidovudine, accompanying antiretroviral drugs have little effect on the virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients.5.068 JCR (2011) Q1, 7/70 Infectious diseases, 18/114 Microbiology, 20/261 Pharmacology & pharmac

Improved diagnosis of rare disease patients through systematic detection of runs of homozygosity

Autozygosity is associated with an increased risk of genetic rare disease, thus being a relevant factor for clinical genetic studies. More than 2400 exome sequencing data sets were analyzed and screened for autozygosity on the basis of detection of >1 Mbp runs of homozygosity (ROHs). A model was built to predict if an individual is likely to be a consanguineous offspring (accuracy, 98%), and probability of consanguinity ranges were established according to the total ROH size. Application of the model resulted in the reclassification of the consanguinity status of 12% of the patients. The analysis of a subset of 79 consanguineous cases with the Rare Disease (RD)-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform, combining variant filtering and homozygosity mapping, enabled a 50% reduction in the number of candidate variants and the identification of homozygous pathogenic variants in 41 patients, with an overall diagnostic yield of 52%. The newly defined consanguinity ranges provide, for the first time, specific ROH thresholds to estimate inbreeding within a pedigree on disparate exome sequencing data, enabling confirmation or (re)classification of consanguineous status, hence increasing the efficiency of molecular diagnosis and reporting on secondary consanguinity findings, as recommended by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.Supported by European Union projects RD-Connect, Solve-RD, and European Joint Programme of Rare Diseases (EJP-RD) grants FP7 305444, H2020 779257, and H2020 825575; Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants PT13/0001/0044 and PT17/0009/0019; Instituto Nacional de Bioinformática; ELIXIR Implementation Studies; European Union projects BBMRI-LPC EU FP7 313010, NeurOmics EU FP7 305121, and Undiagnosed Rare Disease Program of Catalonia (Departament de Salut, Generalitat de CatalunyaSLT002/16/00174); Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation grant FDN-167281 (H.L.); the European Research Council309548 (R.H.); the Wellcome Investigator Award 109915/Z/15/Z (R.H.); the Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) MR/N025431/1 (R.H.); the Wellcome Trust Pathfinder Scheme 201064/Z/16/Z (R.H. and H.L.); the Newton Fund (United Kingdom/Turkey) MR/N027302/1 (R.H. and H.L.); the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness to the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) partnership; the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa; the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Program/Generalitat de Catalunya; the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Department of Health and Department of Business and Knowledge; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness with funds from the European Regional Development Fund corresponding to the 2014 to 2020 Smart Growth Operating Program